3 Most Common Types Of Hydraulic Pumps

Hydraulic pumps, which are indispensable for the proper operation of a hydraulic system, are deceptively complex devices.What’s the different types of hydraulic pumps? How can I choose suitable displacement pumps for my hydraulic system?

Generally speaking, there are three most common pumps:Gear Pump, Piston Pump, Vane Pump.

Gear pump

Gear pump’s working principle is very simple, consisting of a pair of meshing gears, one of which drives the other gear to rotate, forming a pump chamber. When the gear rotates, the volume change of the pump chamber will generate pressure for suction and discharge of liquid.

Gear pump has simple structure and reliable operation, making it suitable for small and medium-sized hydraulic systems and applications with low to medium pressure hydraulic system. Gear pumps can be uesd for many mechanical equipment, such as cranes, excavators, and agricultural machinery. Due to its simple operation and low cost, it is widely chosen for various occasions.

However, gear pumps also have some limitations. Due to the meshing of gears, the flow pulsation generated by the gear pump is relatively large, which may lead to increased vibration and noise in the hydraulic system. In addition, due to the gap between the gears and the pump casing, the efficiency of the pump may be lower and require more frequent maintenance and adjustment. Therefore, when choosing a gear pump, it is necessary to make a reasonable selection and use based on actual work needs and system requirements.

Gear pumps are suitable for many common industrial and mechanical equipment, especially the following popular models:

Excavators and loaders: Excavators and loaders are typically equipped with gear pumps to provide hydraulic power for controlling the actions of hydraulic actuators such as arms, dippers, and buckets.

Hydraulic press: Hydraulic press is widely used in the metal processing and forming industry, and the gear pump is often used as its power source to provide the required hydraulic force and pressure.

Injection molding machine: Injection molding machines use hydraulic systems to drive the opening and closing of molds and injection actions, and gear pumps play a crucial role in these models.

Agricultural machinery: Agricultural machinery such as tractors and harvesters often use gear pumps to provide hydraulic power, used to control various hydraulic actuators, such as lifting devices, steering systems, and hydraulic transmission systems.

Piston Pump

The most common type of pump, and also the most capable of performing complex work tasks, is the piston pump. It’s the hydraulic pumps you’re most likely to find in a production situation.They’re the pumps that will be used in high pressure applications.This configuration allows them to operate under high pressure without affecting the flow rates in any way.

Piston pumps are commonly used in applications that require high pressure and large flow rates, and are suitable for the following popular models:

Hydraulic Excavator: Piston pumps are commonly used in hydraulic excavators to provide the required high-pressure hydraulic power to control the movement of the stick, bucket, and other attachments.

Hydraulic press: In the metal processing industry, Piston pumps are commonly used to drive hydraulic presses, achieving various pressing, forming, and mold operations.

Injection molding machine: Injection molding machines require high pressure to inject molten plastic materials, and the Piston pump provides the enough hydraulic power to ensure the stability and accuracy of the injection process.

Hydraulic ship equipment: Piston pumps are widely used to control  hydraulic systems on marine vessels.

Vane pump

Vane pump utilizes the rotation of Vanes in the pump chamber to generate pressure. The Vane pump operates smoothly and has low noise, it is suitable for small and medium-sized hydraulic systems, such as automotive braking systems and industrial machinery.

One of the advantages of a vane pump is its smooth operation, as the gap between the Vanes and the pump chamber is relatively small. In addition, vane pumps usually have high efficiency because the sealing between the Vanes and the pump chamber is good, resulting in less leakage. However, Vane pumps require a high level of oil cleanliness because the gap between the Vanes and the pump chamber is small and easily affected by pollutants, thus requiring regular maintenance and cleaning.

Automotive braking system: Vane pumps are widely used in automotive braking systems to provide the required hydraulic force to control the movement of automotives.

Industrial machinery: Many industrial machinery equipment such as injection molding machines, extruders, punching machines, etc. use vane pumps to provide hydraulic power, control various movements and operations.

Agricultural equipment: Agricultural equipment such as tractors and harvesters also commonly use vane pumps to provide hydraulic power, used to control the movement of various hydraulic actuators.

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